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Identification of abnormal operating conditions and intelligent decision system

Xiuliang LI, Junjie JIANG, Hongye SU, Jian CHU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第4期页码 456-462 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0224-0

摘要：

In earth pressure balance (EPB) shield construction, the “plastic flow state” is difficult to form using the soil dug in the capsule because it can cause three abnormal operating conditions, including occlusion, caking in the capsule, and spewing at the outlet of the dump device. These abnormal operating conditions can, in turn, trigger failure in tunneling, cutter-device damage, and even catastrophic incidents, such as ground settlement. This present paper effectively integrates the mechanism of abnormal operating conditions and knowledge of soil conditioning, and establishes a uniform model of identifying abnormal conditions and intelligent decision support system based on the belief rule-base system. The model maximizes knowledge in improving the soil, construction experience, and data to optimize the model online. Finally, a numerical simulation with specific construction data is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.

关键词： earth pressure balance (EPB) shield machine soil pressure cabin abnormal operating condition belief rule-base system

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A knowledge reasoning Fuzzy-Bayesian network for root cause analysis of abnormal aluminum electrolysiscell condition

Weichao Yue, Xiaofang Chen, Weihua Gui, Yongfang Xie, Hongliang Zhang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 414-428 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1663-x

摘要： Root cause analysis (RCA) of abnormal aluminum electrolysis cell condition has long been a challenging industrial issue due to its inherent complexity in analyzing based on multi-source knowledge. In addition, accurate RCA of abnormal aluminum electrolysis cell condition is the precondition of improving current efficiency. RCA of abnormal condition is a complex work of multi-source knowledge fusion, which is difficult to ensure the RCA accuracy of abnormal cell condition because of dwindling and frequent flow of experienced technicians. In view of this, a method based on Fuzzy-Bayesian network to construct multi-source knowledge solidification reasoning model is proposed. The method can effectively fuse and solidify the knowledge, which is used to analyze the cause of abnormal condition by technicians providing a clear and intuitive framework to this complex task, and also achieve the result of root cause automatically. The proposed method was verified under 20 sets of abnormal cell conditions, and implements root cause analysis by finding the abnormal state of root node, which has a maximum posterior probability by Bayesian diagnosis reasoning. The accuracy of the test results is up to 95%, which shows that the knowledge reasoning feasibility for RCA of aluminum electrolysis cell.

关键词： abnormal aluminum electrolysis cell condition Fuzzy-Bayesian network multi-source knowledge solidification and reasoning root cause analysis

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Research progress on FASN and MGLL in the regulation of abnormal lipid metabolism and the relationship

Jingyue Zhang, Yawen Song, Qianqian Shi, Li Fu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 649-656 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0830-0

摘要： Tumorigenesis involves metabolic reprogramming and abnormal lipid metabolism, which is manifested by increased endogenous fat mobilization, hypertriglyceridemia, and increased fatty acid synthesis. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a key enzyme for the synthesis of fatty acids, and monoacylglycerol esterase (MGLL) is an important metabolic enzyme that converts triglycerides into free fatty acids. Both enzymes play an important role in lipid metabolism and are associated with tumor-related signaling pathways, the most common of which is the PI3K–AKT signaling pathway. They can also regulate the immune microenvironment, participate in epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and then regulate tumor invasion and metastasis. Current literature have shown that these two genes are abnormally expressed in many types of tumors and are highly correlated with tumor migration and invasion. This article introduces the structures and functions of FASN and MGLL, their relationship with abnormal lipid metabolism, and the mechanism of the regulation of tumor invasion and metastasis and reviews the research progress of the relationship of FASN and MGLL with tumor invasion and metastasis.

关键词： FASN MGLL lipid metabolism tumor invasion metastasis

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基于子带瞬时能量谱的铝电解槽电压槽况敏感频域分段方法 Article

曾朝晖, 桂卫华, 陈晓方, 谢永芳, 张红亮, 孙玉波

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第9期页码 1282-1292 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.11.012

摘要：

槽电压是广泛使用且可在线测量的铝电解槽信号，多种电解槽槽况分析和控制用参数由槽电压计算得到。槽电压频域分段是设计获取这些参数的数字滤波器通带的依据。在对槽电压定性分析的基础上，本文提出子带瞬时能量谱（sub-band Instantaneous energy spectrum, SIEP），并用其对多种槽况下槽电压的频域特性进行定量表示，最终给出了槽电压槽况敏感频域分段方法。该频域分段方法将槽电压有效频段划分为低频信号区[0, 0.001] Hz和低频噪声区[0.001, 0.050] Hz；将低频噪声区再细分为[0.001, 0.010] Hz的铝液异常波动频段和[0.01, 0.05] Hz 的次低频噪声频段。与基于经验模态分解的瞬时能量谱比较，SIEP能更精细地表示槽电压有效频段内任意频段的能量随时间变化规律。该槽电压频域分段方法对槽况更敏感，可更细致地获取在线槽况信息，为工业电解槽槽况监测和控制决策提供更可靠、准确的在线依据。

关键词：子带瞬时能量谱槽况敏感频段频域分段铝液异常波动铝电解

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优化输水方式提高三峡船闸通过能力措施研究

曹光荣,胡亚安,高雄

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第12期页码 75-80

摘要：探讨了三峡船闸四级运行方式下二闸首作为首级运行时一闸室水体波动特性；阐述了波动形成的机理，分析了二闸首阀门运行方式对一闸室波动的影响；提出了满足一闸室待闸安全要求的阀门开启方式；通过实船试验检验了一闸室待闸船舶停泊条件，总结了一闸室待闸调度方式。运行实践表明，三峡船闸完建期实行四级运行方式下，将下行船舶由靠船墩移至一闸室满闸室待闸，可提高船闸日均通过闸次近3个，通航效益明显。

关键词：三峡船闸；输水方式；水流条件；通过能力

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Experimental study on influence of operating parameters on tar components from corn straw gasification

Shuai GUO, Xiao WEI, Deyong CHE, Hongpeng LIU, Baizhong SUN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 374-383 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0710-3

摘要： Gasification is a promising approach for converting solid fuel sources, including renewable ones like biomass, for use. The main problem in biomass gasification is the formation of condensable tars, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This paper investigated the conversion of tar components during corn straw gasification. It analyzed collected tar components using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrograph (GC-MS). Experimental results indicate that, with increasing temperature from 700°C to 900°C, the concentrations of benzene, indene, phenanthrene, naphthalene, acenaphthylene, fluorene, and pyrene increased whereas those of toluene, phenol, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene decreased. As the equivalence ratio (ER) increased from 0.21 to 0.34, the concentrations of indene and phenanthrene increased from 0.148% and 0.087% to 0.232% and 0.223%, respectively. Further, the phenol content increased as ER increased from 0.21 to 0.26 and then decreased as the ER increased further to 0.34. Other parameters like the steam/biomass (S/B) ratio and catalyst also played a critical role in tar reduction. This paper demonstrates the conversion of some tar components and elucidates their chemical properties during gasification.

关键词： gasification tar components operating parameters

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Prevention of surgical site infection under different ventilation systems in operating room environment

Zhijian Liu, Haiyang Liu, Hang Yin, Rui Rong, Guoqing Cao, Qihong Deng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1327-9

摘要： Abstract • The effectiveness of four different ventilation systems was compared in depth. • Airflow and bacteria-carrying particles concentration were quantitatively analyzed. • Vertical laminar airflow with high airflow rate could not achieve desired effect. • Temperature-controlled airflow ventilation could guarantee air cleanliness. Biological particles in the operating room (OR) air environment can cause surgical site infections (SSIs). Various ventilation systems have been employed in ORs to ensure an ultraclean environment. However, the effect of different ventilation systems on the control of bacteria-carrying particles (BCPs) released from the surgical staff during surgery is unclear. In this study, the performance of four different ventilation systems (vertical laminar airflow ventilation (VLAF), horizontal laminar airflow ventilation (HLAF), differential vertical airflow ventilation (DVAF), and temperature-controlled airflow ventilation (TAF)) used in an OR was evaluated and compared based on the spatial BCP concentration. The airflow field in the OR was solved by the Renormalization Group (RNG) k-e turbulence model, and the BCP phase was calculated by Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) and the discrete random walk (DRW) model. It was found that the TAF system was the most effective ventilation system among the four ventilation systems for ensuring air cleanliness in the operating area. This study also indicated that air cleanliness in the operating area depended not only on the airflow rate of the ventilation system but also on the airflow distribution, which was greatly affected by obstacles such as surgical lamps and surgical staff.

关键词： Operating room (OR) Bacteria-carrying particles (BCPs) Surgical site infections (SSIs) Ventilation

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Feedback linearization based control for weak grid connected PV system under normal and abnormal conditions

Rahul SHARMA,Sathans SUHAG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期页码 400-409 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0459-5

摘要： This paper proposes a control strategy for interface of distributed energy sources into the weak grid system with a focus on the energy and ancillary services. A novel controller has been designed and implemented to tackle the challenges of coupling terms in the LCL filter, the transient behavior under sudden changes, and the voltage support under fault condition using the feedback linearization technique. The controller proposed has been implemented on the PV system connected with the weak grid using the LCL filter and the performance of the controller has been verified using Matlab/Simulink through simulation under different conditions. The results of the controller proposed have been compared with the conventional PI dual loop controller. The simulation results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness and simplicity of the controller design strategy.

关键词： PV system grid interface feedback linearization inverter LCL filter

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Effects of operating conditions on membrane charge property and nanofiltration

Li XU, Li-Shun DU, Jing HE

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 492-499 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1143-7

摘要： The effects of the operating pressure, cross flow velocity, feed concentration, and temperature on the streaming and Zeta potential of the membranes were studied. The permeate flux and the retention rate under different nanofiltration operating conditions were also investigated. The results show that the higher pressure, feed concentration, temperature, and lower cross flow velocity lead to the higher absolute value of streaming and Zeta potential. The permeate flux of the nanofiltration decreases with the feed concentration and increases with not only the pressure but also the cross flow velocity and temperature. The higher the pressure and the cross flow velocity, the higher the retention rate. The lower feed concentration and higher temperature leads to lower retention rate. The effects of the operating conditions on the permeate flux and the retention rate were explained by the variation of the membrane charge property.

关键词： nanofiltration membrane streaming potential Zeta potential permeate flux retention rate

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Intelligent technologies help operating mobile cabin hospitals effectively cope with COVID-19

Ying ZHOU, Lingling WANG, Lieyun DING, Zhouping TANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 459-460 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0113-5

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Applying the multi-zone model in predicting the operating range of HCCI engines

Ming JIA, Maozhao XIE, Zhijun PENG,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 414-423 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0108-8

摘要： In this paper, a multi-zone model is developed to predict the operating range of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines. The boundaries of the operating range were determined by knock (presented by ringing intensity), partial burn (presented by combustion efficiency), and cycle-to-cycle variations (presented by the sensitivity of indicated mean effective pressure to initial temperature). By simulating an HCCI engine fueled with iso-octane, the knock and cycle-to-cycle variations predicted by the model showed satisfactory agreement with measurements made under different initial temperatures and equivalence ratios; the operating range was also well reproduced by the model. Furthermore, the model was applied to predict the operating range of the HCCI engine under different engine speeds by varying the intake temperatures and equivalence ratios. The potential to extend the operating range of the HCCI engine through two strategies, i.e., variable compression ratio and intake pressure boosting, was then investigated. Results indicate that the ignition point can be efficiently controlled by varying the compression ratio. A low load range can be extended by increasing the intake temperature while reducing the compression ratio. Higher intake temperatures and lower compression ratios can also extend the high load range. Boosting intake pressure is helpful in controlling the combustion of the HCCI engine, resulting in an extended high load range.

关键词： homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine multi-zone operating range

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AED-Net——异常事件检测网络 Article

王田, 苗子琛, 陈禹昕, 周毅, 单光存, Hichem Snoussi

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第5期页码 930-939 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.02.008

摘要：

长期以来，在拥挤场景中检测异常事件都是一项具有挑战性的任务。为解决这一问题，本文提出了一种名叫异常事件检测网络（AED-Net）的自监督框架，它由主成分分析网络（PCANet）和核主成分分析（kPCA）组成。该框架以不同场景的监控视频序列为原始数据，通过训练PCANet以提取人群情况的高级语义。kPCA可作为一种单类分类器，被用于识别场景中的异常事件。与目前流行的一些深度学习方法相比，该框架完全是自监督的，因为它只使用正常情况下的视频序列。通过对明尼苏达大学公共监测人类活动数据集（UMN数据集）和加州大学圣地亚哥分校监测异常数据集（UCSD数据集）进行全局和局部异常事件进行检测发现，与其他最先进的方法相比，该方法具有更好的等误差率（EER）和曲线下面积（AUC）。此外，通过增加局部响应归一化（LRN）层，我们对原有的AED-Net进行了改进。结果表明，该改进版在提高框架的泛化能力方面表现出更好的性能。

关键词：异常事件检测异常事件检测网络主成分分析网络核主成分分析

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Experimental investigations on operating characteristics of a closed loop pulsating heat pipe

Yu WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 134-141 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0354-x

摘要： The operating mechanism of the pulsating heat pipe (PHP) is not well understood and the present technology cannot predict required design parameters for a given task. The aim of research work presented in this paper is to better understand the operation regimes of the PHP through experimental investigations. A series of experiments were conducted on a closed loop PHP with 5 turns made of copper capillary tube of 2 mm in inner diameter. Two different working fluids viz. ethanol and acetone were employed. The operating characteristics were studied for the variation of heat input, filling ratio (FR) and inclination angle of the tested device. The results strongly demonstrate the effect of the filling ratio of the working fluid on the operational stability and heat transfer capability of the device. Important insight into the operational characteristics of PHP has been obtained.

关键词： closed loop pulsating heat pipe thermal performance operation limit thermography

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A review of condition-based maintenance: Its prognostic and operational aspects

Yanrong LI, Shizhe PENG, Yanting LI, Wei JIANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 323-334 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0121-5

摘要： Condition-based maintenance (CBM) detects early signs of failure and dictates when maintenance should be performed based on the actual condition of a system. In this paper, we first review some of the recent research on CBM under various physical structures and signal data. Then, we summarize several kinds of prognostic models that use monitoring information to estimate the reliability of complex systems or products. Monitoring information also facilitates operational decisions in production planning, spare parts management, reliability improvement, and prognostics and health management. Finally, we suggest some research opportunities for the reliability and operations management communities to fill the research gap between these two fields.

关键词： condition-based maintenance prognostics operational decision-making reliability

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Trend prediction technology of condition maintenance for large water injection units

Xiaoli XU, Sanpeng DENG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第2期页码 171-175 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0091-0

摘要： Trend prediction technology is the key technology to achieve condition-based maintenance of mechanical equipment. Large-sized water injection units are key equipment in oilfields. The traditional preventive maintenance is not economical and cannot completely avoid vicious accidents. To ensure the normal operation of units and save maintenance costs, trend prediction technology is studied to achieve condition-based maintenance for water injection units. The main methods of the technology are given, the trend prediction method based on neural network is put forward, and the expert system based on the knowledge is developed. The industrial site verification shows that the proposed trend prediction technology can reflect the operating condition trend change of the water injection units and provide technical means to achieve condition-based predictive maintenance.

关键词： water injection units condition-based maintenance trend prediction